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Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan (1748, Bourg-en-Bresse – 27 September 1796) was a French officer for the Continental Army and a French General during the French Revolution. When he was young, he had to leave France to serve as a cavalry officer and then military engineer in the Russian army. When he returned to France, he was sent to support the newly born United States as a Lt. Colonel Engineer in the Continental Army. During the French Revolution era, he was appointed Colonel of the Infantry, then Colonel of the Cavalry, and then promoted to Brigade General in command of the cavalry. Jean-Bernard Gauthier was born in a family of jurists in Bourg-en-Bresse (now Ain ''département'') of France. He was baptized on 28 November 1748. He became an officer in the French Royal Army. He had to leave France for a bad duel affair, and take refuge in Russia. He was hired as a lieutenant in the Regiment of Dragoons of Smolensk, Belarus. He was under the command of Prince Golitsyn until 1776, when he became Captain-Engineer, after studying at the Moscow University. ==American Revolutionary War Service== He was later sent to the United States with a group of military engineers, including Captain L'Enfant and French Colonel Louis Lebègue Duportail to support the Americans during the Revolutionary War, who lacked military engineers. It is pointed out that the massive French military participation took place in 1781. Starting in January 1777, he was under the direction of General John Sullivan. In March 1778, he was promoted to Major in the US Army Corps of Engineers by the Continental Congress. He participated in the Massachusetts Campaign in 1778. Then, with General George Washington, he served in the Sullivan Expedition against the 'six Indians Nations', up to the current Wyoming. Under French Brig. Gen. Marquis de Choisy, he took part to the besieging of York and Gloucester in 1781. Following a special decision of the US Congress, he was commissioned in September 1783 Lieutenant Colonel by brevet by the Continental Army. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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